Analytical Study to Achieve Water Resource Sustainability in Bahrain: Strategic Challenges and Opportunities

This study analyzes the most prominent challenges facing water resource management in the Kingdom of Bahrain, which suffers from an increasing water crisis due to the scarcity of natural resources and heavy reliance on seawater desalination to secure fresh water. This study reviewed the impact of climate change and rapid population growth on the increasing water demand, which places significant pressure on the sustainability of this vital resource. The research methodology relies on analyzing previous literature and field data on water consumption patterns and desalination technology efficiency, in addition to examining the role of treated water in reducing the demand for fresh water. The results highlight that improving water consumption efficiency and expanding the use of treated water significantly contribute to alleviating pressures on available resources, as these measures support a balance between supply and demand. Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to develop desalination technologies dependent on renewable energy to reduce the environmental impact and expand the use of treated water in the agricultural and industrial sectors by improving treatment methods. It also recommends adopting flexible water policies, including variable pricing systems that encourage rational consumption, and enhancing cooperation among Gulf Cooperation Council countries to exchange technologies and modern knowledge in water management. Likewise, this study sought to establish a comprehensive framework that supports achieving water security and enhancing water resource sustainability for future generations, aiming to increase Bahrain’s capacity to confront the growing environmental and economic challenges. In light of the foregoing, this study recommends conducting future research that focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of sustainable technologies in water desalination, studying consumer behavior toward rational consumption policies, and exploring innovative solutions to address climate change and its impact on water resources in Bahrain.