Climate Change and Its Implications on Policy Formulation: With Reference to Some Countries in the MENA Region

This study aims at providing insight into understanding the climate change crisis, its dimensions, various impacts, and regional and global repercussions that threaten international peace and security externally and jeopardize the political, social, and economic stability of countries internally. It also aims at identifying the available courses of action to address this global crisis, ensure global climate security, and explore the necessary strategies to confront this challenge. This study assesses how climate change impacts policy formulation at local, national, and international levels. The research will focus on understanding the current frameworks, challenges, and opportunities in formulating effective climate policies by using the rational choice model and system analysis approach. Climate change, characterized by rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events, presents a critical global challenge. Its pervasive impacts on ecosystems, human health, and economies necessitate comprehensive policy responses. Climate change leads to pressure on natural resources, such as water, soil, and ecosystems, which affects the requirements for achieving human security and providing human needs and leads to political and social instability. The Middle East and North Africa region is one of the world's most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change. In recent years, the effects of environmental degradation have become evident in political and societal stability due to drought and food insecurity caused by rising temperatures. A continuous temperature increase will likely occur in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa.